ࡱ> ac`U@ bjbj cppppppp   8D,p&( %%%%%%%$'R*B%p\ ^L @\\%pp6%\pp%\%;#hppw$ tk r#{%%0&#D*4D* w$ppppw$\D*p$ 6D %%$d A Record of Resistance  The European slave trade forced Africans onto slave ships and transported them in terrible conditions across the Atlantic Ocean to work on plantations in North and South America, growing sugar, tobacco and cotton for Europe. This was known as the triangular trade. Between 1500 and 1850 more than 11 million Africans arrived on European owned plantations. There were many forms of resistance by the slaves; the Maroon people of Jamaica escaped from the plantations by forming communities in the hills. Maroons in Jamaica, 1908-9, Harry Johnston Who were the Maroons? Maroons was the term given to runaway slaves, from the Spanish word cimarrones meaning 'wild ones.' They had been brought to Jamaica from the Gold Coast in Africa, other slaves brought to Jamaica from Africa came from the Congo and Madagascar. New Nanny Town in Portland was to become one of four permanent sites where runaway slaves lived freely from British rule. According to legend, Nanny was the leader of this community of runaway  HYPERLINK "http://www.unlockingthearchives.rgs.org/glossary/?word=Slave" slaves in the 18th century. The photograph above was taken by the bridge that spans the river at the entrance to the Maroon town. The bridge acts as a natural barrier for the community. The town is high in the Portland hills with a view that made it secure for this community of runaway slaves. The first Jamaican Maroons were slaves who had escaped their Spanish masters, or had been freed when the British took control of the island after 1655. The Jamaican Maroons became divided into Windward Maroons in the parish of Portland and Leeward Maroons in the parishes of St Elizabeth and Trelawny. In 1690, a large group of salves rebelled and escaped into the dense woods and joined forces with the Spanish-freed Maroons under their leader Cudjoe. They began a campaign of murder and robbery known as the first Maroon War. In 1739, a Peace Treaty was finally signed between the English colonial government and Cudjoe. The Maroons were granted full freedom and liberty, given 1,500 acres of land. The Maroons had to agree to end all hostilities, receive no more runaway slaves and agreed to help recapture them for a reward when the runaways were returned to their owners. Finally the Maroons had to agree to stop any more rebellions. The following year a similar treaty was agreed to and signed with the Windward Maroons in what is called Moore Town today. The Legend of Queen Nanny Moore Town is now the main town of the Windward Maroons it was founded in 1734 after the British destroyed the original Maroon Town, known as Nanny Town. It was named after Queen Nanny who is regarded as one of the most important women in Maroon history. She is credited with being the military leader of the Windward Maroons using clever tactics to win battles. Disguised from head to foot with branches and leaves, the Maroons chose to attack from ambush. As Maroon settlements were high up in the mountains with only a narrow path leading to their town, the British soldiers could clearly be seen on approach as they advanced in single file, allowing them to be picked off one by one. There are many legends about Queen Nanny and she continues to be honored at the annual Maroon celebration of the 1739 peace treaty. The story of the Maroons ability to hold off the British troops and their resistance to slavery is celebrated amongst the Maroon community in Jamaica today. For more information on Maroon history:  HYPERLINK "http://www.jamaicans.com/info/maroons.htm" www.jamaicans.com/info/maroons.htm - a web site which supplies Jamaicans with information on current events, Jamaican history and culture and the work of social service organisations.       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