ࡱ> HJGU@ Ybjbj ;Q 8> J bbbbb4 4 4 DFFFFFF$R Xj @ @  jbbR  bbD  D < hRbV - "~(0K!O "K! RK!`4 "V  n  4 4 4 jjdq  Coalmines Fact Sheet  Except for the heat, the downward journey was quite delightful; the country is so fertile and beautiful, and has such an air of prosperity. So long as we were in motion there was a draught, as the boat was quite open, but the still night was stifling, specially with the curtains down. The boatmen were harmless, good-natured, obliging fellows. They tied up whenever I wanted to land if it were at all possible . . . . . The lovely country was a very great charm. The variety of scenery, trees, flowers, and cultivated plants was endless, and new industries were constantly becoming prominent. The only matter for regret was that the rush of the fast-rising river carried us all too swiftly past much that was worthy of observation. A visit to a coal-mine interested me greatly. The mine was in a hillside, three miles from the river, and employed eighty men. The manager said that the output was the equivalent of forty tons daily. The men got seven pence* per day, with rice, broad beans, cucumbers and tea. Each hewer and carrier (in pairs) must deliver at the pits mouth daily the equivalent of a ton. The pay with food comes to ten pence per day, and the actual cost in labour of a ton is twenty pence. The mine is extremely well ventilated by three revolving fans, which drive the air into it through bamboo tubing. The men work in two shifts of twelve hours per day of twenty four hours, eating their rice in the mine three times daily. Every tenth day is pay day and a holiday. Each carrier burns nine ounces of Tung oil daily, and each hewer six, the lamps being attached to the brow by a band round the head. There was a bath for the miners, which in the dim light appeared to be a stone coffer, supplied with hot water. The tunnel by which the working are reached, and down which the coal is carried in wheeled baskets running on a wooden tramway, is six feet high, and about six hundred feet long. I could do no more than glance at the workings. The coal seam was about four feet thick, the galleries very low, and the hewers lay on their sides and hacked the coal sideways. It appeared to be a fairly hard bituminous coal, and there is a great demand for it at the town of Peh-Shi, where, after land and river transit, it sells at seven shillings per ton. The manager, an intelligent and fairly polite man, told me that hard coal is also found in the neighbourhood, but is much more expensive to work. This coal-mine appeared well appointed, and the miners well fed and cheery. (* In Mrs Bishops time 12 pence equalled 1 shilling, in present day terms 1 shilling is approximately 5 pence).    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